• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a current breaking chamber (1) for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker extending along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and comprising: - a pair of arcing contacts (4, 5) of which at least one (5) is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX '); a nozzle (6) for blowing an arc, a blowing chamber (7) whose volume V2 is fixed and which opens inside the blast nozzle; a compression chamber (8) arranged substantially behind the blowing chamber, and means (73, 81) for communicating the internal volume of this compression chamber (8) and that of the blowing chamber (7), - means (14, 15, 50), arranged substantially behind the compression chamber (8), for supplying liquid either in the compression chamber (8) or directly in the blowing chamber (7).
    公开号:FR3023649A1
    申请号:FR1456584
    申请日:2014-07-08
    公开日:2016-01-15
    发明作者:Alain Girodet；Francois Biquez；Yannick Kieffel
    申请人:Alstom Technolgoy AG；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD AND STATE OF THE PRIOR ART The invention applies to the breaking chambers of high-voltage circuit breakers of 72.5 kV to 1200 kV of AIS, GIS technology. or Dead Tank. Breaker breaker chambers have been using SF6 for 40 years as arc extinguishing gas. On the one hand, compared with gases such as air, nitrogen or CO2, SF6 has very good dielectric properties and, on the other hand, its electronegativity properties mean that the medium ionized by the Arc energy quickly regains good insulating properties by attaching free electrons to SF6 ions. The present invention relates to a device for injecting into the arc zone, 20 during the separation of the contacts, a liquid whose vaporization will help cut. The cut in the liquid has been developed in the past for the entire generation of oil circuit breakers. It was subsequently abandoned in favor of SF6 gas due to its superior performance. International application WO 2013/087688, which describes the addition, on a conventional circuit breaker chamber, of volumes containing an organofluorinated liquid which is partially ejected in the thermal volume, or in the vicinity of the contacts, by a system during operation of the device. The liquids proposed in this document are essentially from the family of fluoroketones. The device proposed in this document does not allow precise control of the amount of liquid injected. In fact it only takes a few ml of liquid which, by vaporizing, will create a large amount of gas. An excessively variable amount of liquid injected into the cut-off zone can produce too great an increase in pressure and destroy the elements of the cut-off zone, for example the nozzle. In addition, in this document, the liquid reservoir is placed around the main contact of the circuit breaker. Now the heating by passage of the permanent current can reach 65 ° C, 105 ° C maximum temperature. Under these conditions, there is a risk of having a complete vaporization of the liquid or an excess pressure to be evacuated in the interrupting chamber. All or part of the liquid recondensing at the bottom of the device will be without any beneficial effect for the cut. This further leads to a decrease in the volume of liquid in the injection zone and drastically changes the amount of liquid injected by compression of the gas contained in the dead volume. Other solutions are known, but they relate to purely SF6 circuit breakers used for low temperatures. As such, it canait including document FR 2602088, which describes a SF6 circuit breaker for low temperature applications. An injection of liquid comes from the liquefaction of the cutoff gas when the temperature falls below the liquefaction temperature relative to the filling pressure. The circuit breaker is of the self-blast type, the injection being done in the thermal volume. US Pat. No. 4,739,137 discloses an SF6 circuit breaker, also for low temperature application, for which the liquid injection is carried out by transferring a portion of the condensed liquid into a reservoir, towards the cutoff zone, under the action of the opening movement. the breaking chamber. EP 0204180 and FR 2585875 disclose another method of injecting the liquid into the cutoff zone. They are also related to an application on SF6 circuit breakers used for low temperatures, where part of the SF6 gas condenses when the temperature drops below a certain value. Moreover, the use of gas mixtures using CO2 as a carrier gas and a fluoroketone, a fluoro-oxirane or a fluoronitrile as a complement gas have already shown their interest because of their dielectric properties close to those of SF6. However, the high liquefaction point, around 0 ° C, of these compounds limits the filling partial pressure to a value close to the saturation vapor pressure at the minimum temperature of use of the device (for example -25 ° C), which causes a small percentage of fluorinated gas introduced into the mixture (of the order of 4 to 7%). If the dielectric properties of these mixtures are close to 80% of those of SF6, the cut-off performances are mainly similar to those of the carrier gas and thus CO2. Thus, recovering cut-off performance comparable to that of SF6 requires or would require increasing the pressure of the carrier gas, increasing the dimensions of the interrupting chamber, and / or reducing performance on the cut-off current or the voltage. nominal. There is therefore the problem of providing a new device for injecting a liquid into a thermal zone of a breaker chamber of a circuit breaker. Preferably, this new device 20 operates in a simpler way than the known devices, and does not have the disadvantages above. There is also the problem of finding a new liquid that can be injected into a thermal zone of a break chamber or circuit breaker, without presenting the problems set out above. The injected liquid preferably has, on the one hand, good dielectric properties, close to those of SF6, and on the other hand, has a much lower environmental impact than SF6, especially in terms of global warming potential ( PRG or GWP for Global Warming Potential).
    [0002] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to solve these problems.
    [0003] It first relates to a current breaking chamber for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker extending along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and comprising: - a pair of permanent contacts and a pair of arcing contacts of which at least one is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating member, the contacts separating during a power failure; an arc-blowing nozzle integral with the fixed arcing contact; a blowing chamber whose volume V2 is fixed and which opens inside the blast nozzle; a compression chamber arranged substantially. behind the blowing chamber, parallel to the longitudinal axis XX ', and means for communicating the internal volume of this compression chamber and that of the blowing chamber, means, arranged substantially behind the compression chamber, parallel to the longitudinal axis XX ', to provide liquid, either in the compression chamber, or directly in the blowing chamber. The latter may comprise a third chamber and piston means and movable in this chamber under the action of a retreat of the movable element of said chamber. Means may be provided to form a channel for injecting into the blowing chamber a liquid present in said third chamber. These means, forming a channel, may further comprise means forming a nonreturn valve. Alternatively, the means, disposed substantially behind the compression chamber, for supplying liquid either to the compression chamber or directly to the blowing chamber comprise means forming a liquid injector. Control means of said liquid injector means may further be provided. These control means may be connected to at least one sensor, for example comprising at least one relative position sensor of the contacts, and / or a sensor for measuring a current value and / or a sensor for measuring a voltage in said chamber.
    [0004] The mobile equipment of the chamber may further comprise means for triggering a rise in pressure in said injector means. Such an interrupting chamber may comprise means forming a liquid accumulator for supplying said injector means. Liquid storage means may make it possible to feed said accumulator means. In a particular embodiment, the injector is a pump injector.
    [0005] The means forming at least one pump injector can then be fed by a reservoir, connected to the injector means without use, or an accumulator or a pump.
    [0006] Tripping means of the pump injector may also be provided. The invention can be applied to a double movement chamber, with 2 movable contacts. The invention also relates to a method 10 for operating a current-breaking chamber according to the invention, in which said liquid is injected, either into the compression chamber or directly into the blowing chamber, during a separation of Arc contacts. Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention, liquid injection means may comprise either a system such as a tank combined with a piston, whose displacement is obtained by the displacement of the moving part. of the chamber, either by an injector-type device, for example controlled by electronic means or measuring voltage and / or current information and / or displacement of the contacts, for injection of a certain amount of liquid at a certain time. A breaking chamber according to the invention is usable at all operating temperatures, and not only at low temperatures. The performance of a breaking chamber according to the invention is reinforced by liquid injection, either directly in the blowing chamber or via the compression chamber, the liquid being in this form whatever the operating temperature, including above 72 ° C, or even 105 ° C. The invention therefore relates to a breaking chamber, or a circuit breaker, implementing the injection of a liquid into the compression volume or into the thermal volume, to promote cutting.
    [0007] The injected liquid may comprise at least one fluorinated compound. By "fluorinated compound" is meant a carbon compound optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, in particular chosen from an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, in which at least one fluorine hydrogen atom. . The fluorinated compound of the present invention may be "perfluorinated compound" substituted by an atom suitable for use as a perfluorinated compound. is meant a compound, and in particular a fluorinated compound as defined above, all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms. Advantageously, such a compound has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure greater than room temperature. By "atmospheric pressure" is meant, according to customary acceptance, a pressure of 1 atm corresponding to a pressure of 760 mm Hg or a pressure of 101.3 kPa. By "room temperature" is meant a temperature of between 18 and 24 ° C. In particular, the fluorinated compound typically has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure greater than 40 ° C., in particular greater than 60 ° C. and, in particular, greater than 80 ° C. Any fluorinated compound capable of having such a boiling point can be used within the scope of the present invention. Such a compound is advantageously neither toxic, nor corrosive, nor flammable and has a low GWP compared to that of SF6. By "low GWP" is meant a GWP of less than 8000, especially less than 5000 and, in particular, less than 2500. In addition, such a fluorinated compound typically has a higher dielectric withstand, in gaseous state, than SF6. Advantageously, this fluorinated compound is selected from the group consisting of fluoronitriles, fluorinated oxiranes, fluoroketones and a mixture thereof. The fluoronitriles which may be used in the context of the invention correspond to the following general formula (I): R 1 -C (CN) (R 2) -R 3 (I) in which: R 1 and R 3, identical or different, represent a fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group, and R2 represents a fluorine atom, a fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group or a fluorinated or perfluorinated aryl group. By "alkyl group" is meant a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and in particular from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally comprising one or more unsaturated (s) single (s) or double bed (s). By "aryl group" is meant, in the context of the present invention, a carbonaceous, aromatic structure consisting of one (or more) aromatic ring (s) each containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and in particular 6 carbon atoms, optionally mono- or polysubstituted, such as, for example, with alkyl groups of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A fluoronitrile advantageously used in the context of the present invention is a fluoronitrile of general formula (I) perfluorinated. In particular, in such a fluoronitrile, the group R 2 represents a fluorine atom. More particularly still, in such a fluoronitrile, the groups R 1 and R 2 are identical. As a variant of such a fluoronitrile, the groups R 1 and R 2 are different. The fluorinated oxiranes which may be used in the context of the invention have the following general formula (II): ## STR1 ## wherein R 4, R 5 and R 6 and R7, which may be identical or different, represent a fluorine atom, a fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl group, especially as defined above, or a fluorinated or perfluorinated aryl group, in particular as defined above.
    [0008] Advantageously, the fluorinated oxirane used in the context of the invention is an oxirane of general formula (II) comprising at least 4 carbon atoms. A fluorinated oxirane advantageously used in the context of the present invention is a fluorinated oxirane of general formula (II) perfluorinated. In particular, in such a fluorinated oxirane, one, two or three of R4, R5, R6 and R7 represents a fluorine atom. By way of illustrative and nonlimiting examples of such fluorinated oxiranes, mention may be made of 2,2,3-trifluoro-3- (1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-2-enyl) oxirane of formula C5F80 and CAS RN: 15453-08-4 and 2,2,3-trifluoro-3- (1,1,2,2,3,4,4-heptafluoroprop-3-en-1-yl) oxirane of formula C6F100 and CAS number: 15453-10-8. The fluoroketones that may be used in the context of the present invention have the general formula (III): R8-C (O) -R9 (III) in which R8 and R9, which may be identical or different, represent a fluorinated alkyl group or perfluorinated especially as defined above or a fluorinated or perfluorinated aryl group such as previously defined. Advantageously, the fluoroketone used in the context of the invention is a fluoroketone of general formula (III) comprising at least 6 and in particular at least 7 carbon atoms. By way of illustrative and nonlimiting examples of such fluorinated fluoroketones, mention may be made of the fluoroketones with 6 or 7 carbon atoms described in the international application WO 2013/087688. In a breaking chamber according to the invention, the dielectric strength of the apparatus can be achieved by using an insulating gas or filling gas. The latter may be SF6 or, preferably, any other low environmental impact insulation gas i.e. any insulation gas used or contemplated to replace SF6.
    [0009] By way of illustrative and non-limiting examples, such an insulating gas may comprise one (or more) element (s) chosen from the group consisting of air and in particular dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, a neutral gas and in particular argon, a fluoronitrile, a fluorinated oxirane, a fluoroketone or a mixture thereof. In a first embodiment, the insulating gas may be an insulating gas selected from the group consisting of air and in particular dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and the like. carbon, a neutral gas and in particular argon, or a mixture thereof. In a second embodiment, the insulating gas may be a mixture of (i) a gas selected from the group consisting of air and especially dry air, nitrogen, oxygen, dioxide carbon, a neutral gas and especially argon, or a mixture thereof and (ii) a gas selected from the group consisting of a fluoronitrile, a fluorinated oxirane and a fluoroketone. Advantageously, in this embodiment, the injected liquid fluorinated compound and the second gas of said mixture belong to the same chemical family. Thus, if the fluorinated compound injected is a fluoronitrile, the gas in the mixture will also be a fluoronitrile and especially 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropanenitrile or heptafluoroisobutyronitrile of formula CF3-C (CN) (F) -CF3 and CAS number: 42532-60-5. Similarly, if the fluorinated compound injected is a fluorinated oxirane, the gas in the mixture will also be a fluorinated oxirane and in particular 2,3- (difluoro-2,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) oxirane which corresponds to the particular formula (IV ): F3C Similarly, if the fluorinated compound injected is a fluoroketone, the gas in the mixture will also be a fluoroketone and especially a fluoroketone C4K and C5K as defined in the international application WO 2012/038442. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other Advantages and characteristics of the invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description given with reference to the following figures: FIG. 1 represents a first embodiment of an interrupting chamber according to the invention for longitudinal sectioning, this chamber is provided with a compartment forming a reservoir of liquid to be injected into at least one of the other chambers; FIG. 2 represents another embodiment of a chamber of co upure according to the invention for longitudinal section, this chamber being provided with an injector, for example of the type used in combustion engines, for injection into the compression chamber, - Figure 3 is a variant of FIG. 2, with means for an injection, from said injector, directly into the thermal volume; FIG. 4 represents another embodiment of an interrupting chamber according to the invention for longitudinal sectional view, this chamber being equipped with a pump injector, triggered by the moving equipment. - Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a breaking chamber according to the invention 20 for longitudinal sectional view, with double movement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS An example of an interrupting chamber according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1A. It is a "self-blast" (or "self-blowing") breaking chamber, the breaking chamber extending along a longitudinal axis (XX '), which also constitutes an axis of revolution. of the device, and further comprises a casing 10, which is here a metal casing.
    [0010] This envelope houses a pair of permanent contacts 2, 3 of which one is fixed 3 and the other 2 is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX '), under the action of a not shown actuator.
    [0011] The breaking chamber also comprises a fixed arc contact 4, mechanically linked to the permanent contact 3, and a movable arcing contact 5, the latter being connected to an assembly, or mobile assembly, 70, 71. According to one embodiment , the side wall of the moving element comprises a cylinder 70 sliding parallel to the axis XX '. A displacement of the moving element can be induced by means 111, for example a rod, which will make it possible to exert a traction or a thrust on this crew, along the axis XX '. Elements 110, 120 forming a support allow the envelope comprises the metal envelope, insulators. The fixed part of the contact device 3, 4, the supports 110, 120, and 10. In the case of an envelope 10, the supports 110, 120 are electrically mechanically bonding the portion. insulating. The fixed part of the device is connected to it via flange means, arranged at the end is the envelope 10 and integral with the latter. This embodiment is not shown in more detail in the figures, but the invention can be applied to it, all the other explanations given here remaining valid.
    [0012] The casing 10 contains a gas, for example SF6, but preferably another gas, or, alternatively, a gas predominantly comprising CO2 or nitrogen. As a further variant, this filling gas may be supplemented with a small proportion (ie between 3 and 10% by volume relative to the total volume of the gas mixture) of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropanenitrile or heptafluoroisobutyronitrile of formula CF3-C (CN) (F) -CF3 and CAS number: 42532-60-5. The fixed contact 4 is secured to the permanent fixed contact 3. The movable contact 5 is also movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') and is integral with the permanent movable contact 2.
    [0013] According to one variant, all the contacts are mobile, the device then being a double-movement chamber. The arcing contacts 4, 5 are provided for mutually separating during a power failure as well as the permanent contact 3 and 2. The separation of the contacts 2,3 is before that of the contacts 4,5. Preferably, the travel in translation of the movable contact 5 is sufficiently high to achieve the power failure regardless of value and to obtain the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker. In addition, an arc-blowing nozzle 6 is provided which is integral with the movable-arc contact 5. An 'air chamber', or 'volume', referred to as blowing (or thermal) 7, is delimited by the crew side wall. mobile 70, a wall 71 connected to the movable element 70 and directed substantially perpendicular to the axis XX ', the arc-blowing nozzle 6 and a dielectric part 72 which matches the shape of the moving arc contact 5 This chamber 7 defines a frozen volume V2, but which is moved in translation (according to the arrow F) by the whole of the mobile assembly 70, during an opening of the contacts. This volume opens inside the blast nozzle 6 by a blast duct 700 (between the pieces of dielectric material 6 and 72), of reduced diameter to bring the blast gas into a zone, outside the chamber 7, where the arc formed between the arcing contacts occurs during a break. The chamber 7 comprises a valve 81 which closes the communication passage 73 when the pressure in the volume 7 is greater than that in the volume 8. A second chamber, or second volume, said compression 8 is delimited by the side wall of the mobile assembly 70, by the wall 71, and by a wall 9 connected to the fixed part of the device. This wall 9 actually forms a piston that will compress the volume V1 of the compression chamber. The volume V1 is variable and opens into the blowing chamber 7 when the action of the piston 9 allows to exceed a certain pressure, as explained below. The compression chambers 8 and blowing 7 are substantially arranged one behind the other, parallel to the longitudinal axis XX '. They may both be delimited in part by the internal surface of the side wall 70, which is cylindrical according to an exemplary embodiment. They are separated by the wall 71, which is connected to this side wall.
    [0014] The recoil movement (along the axis XX ', in the direction symbolized by the arrow F) of the moving element 5, 70 during the opening of the contacts will compress the gas present in the compression chamber 8. The rising pressure, it will become sufficient to open a valve 81, which will allow the pressurized gas to enter the compartment 7 via a conduit 73 which passes through the wall 71; the gas in the volume 8 is thus heated by the electric arc occurring due to the opening of the contacts 4,5 and leading to an increase in pressure. At the zero crossing of the current the gas is expelled via the channel 700 to extinguish the electric arc. During an opening maneuver of the circuit breaker, there is transfer of the gas from the compression volume 8 to the thermal volume 7. Moreover, the wall 9 comprises, on its face facing the volume 8, a valve 81a which comes closing a duct 74, which passes through the wall 9, when the pressure in the volume 8 increases during the opening maneuver. This valve opens to allow gas filling of the volume 8 during a closing maneuver. The second face of the piston 9 comprises a valve 82 movable in translation along XX 'and opening only when the pressure in the volume 8 exceeds a certain value. The limitation of the pressure is achieved by a spring 150 bearing on one of the face of the valve and on a shoulder 151 made on the fixed part. A third chamber 15 integral with the fixed part 4 is, for example, disposed at the rear of the compression volume 8. This third chamber may be disposed in the volume defined by the internal surface of the side wall of the moving assembly 70 This side wall defines a limit beyond which the chamber 15 can not extend.
    [0015] This chamber 15 is delimited by the fixed wall 9, and by one or more movable walls 70, 720a, 70b, 70c. The fixed wall 9 is mechanically connected, via a base 90, to the elements 110, 10, 120 and 3 of the fixed part.
    [0016] This chamber 15 can be filled with liquid. It is for example supplied, preferably permanently, by an outer tank 30. This has been shown near the wall 70, but may be disposed at any other place and be connected to the compartment 15 by a suitable conduit 31 In order to prevent the liquid from rising in the tank 30, this duct 31 is preferably provided with a non-return valve, preferably located in the chamber 15, at the connection with the duct 31, allowing only the transfer of the liquid from the tank 30 to the volume 15. A piston 14 closes the volume 15 being integral with the movable contact 5 and the mobile assembly 70, for example by means of a rigid tube or a support column 17. This tube, or this column comprises, or contains, a conduit or an injection tube 19 for communicating the volume 15 of liquid with the thermal volume 7. In parallel with the opening operation, and co gas compression held in volume 8, described above, the piston 14, also movable, moves in the chamber 15 to compress the liquid contained therein. Under the action of this piston 14, the liquid is forced to evacuate through the injection conduit 19 to the thermal volume 7. To prevent any rise of gas from the volume 7 to the volume 15, the injection channel 19 is preferably provided with a check valve 21 allowing only the passage of the liquid volume 15 to the thermal volume 7. Therefore, when opening the contacts 4, 5 of the liquid is projected from the chamber 15 to the volume 7. Alternatively, there may be liquid injection, not directly into the volume 7, but first into the volume 8. But this solution is less effective than a direct projection of the chamber 15 to the volume 7. In the presence of an electric arc, the assembly consisting of the gas, contained in the thermal volume 7, as well as the liquid which has been injected there by the mechanism which has just been described, rises in pressure, under the effect of warming up. The temperature of the arc plasma becomes sufficient for the liquid contained in the volume 7 to vaporize. Thus a small amount of liquid will turn into gas, significantly increasing the pressure in the thermal volume 7. Thus, in the thermal volume 7, a mixture comprising the carrier gas and, almost-majority, the liquid under its gaseous form. The advantage of this mixture is that it has dielectric properties, as well as arc extinction properties, better than that of the carrier gas. In addition, a portion of the energy of the arc is used to phase change the liquid, thereby cooling the arc column. During the zero crossing of the current, the arc 10 extinguishing, the residual plasma will be colder than in the case where there is no liquid injection, the gas flow will be greater and its dielectric strength will be improved to facilitate the resistance to the transient recovery voltage and thus the breaking of the short circuit current. One embodiment of the invention, in the context of a double-movement type chamber, is illustrated in FIG. 5. The contact 3 is also mobile and can constitute a mobile tube. The differences from the single motion chamber are as follows. Means, for example a set of connecting rods, allow here, during an opening operation of the contacts, to simultaneously realize a displacement of the contact 5 along the arrow F and, on the other hand, a displacement of the contact 4 in the opposite direction to F. The contact rod 4 is connected to the movable contact 3, which slides inside a tube 2001, fixed, a contact 2006 ensuring the passage of current 30 between the contact 3 and the tube 2001.
    [0017] The nozzle 6 has a wall 2000, connected for example to one end of the nozzle 6. This wall 2000 slides inside the contact 3. The tube 2001 comprises a support 2005, also fixed. A set of connecting rods 2002, 2003, 2004 connects the tube 2001 to the tube 3 passing through a fixed point of the support 2005. For example, the latter supports a link rod 2003 free in rotation along an axis of rotation perpendicular to XX '. The connecting rod 2002 is connected on the one hand to the nozzle 6 and on the other hand to the connecting rod 2003. The connecting rod 2004 connects the tube 3 to the connecting rod 2003. During the opening maneuver the displacement of the connecting rod 2002 following the arrow F causes rotation of the connecting rod 2003 in the clockwise direction, causing displacement in the opposite direction to F of the tube 3 thanks to the connecting rod 2004. All the other aspects which have been described above, in connection with FIG. , and in particular those relating to the functions and the operation of the various chambers 7, 8, 15, are applicable to this embodiment with double movement. Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. In this figure, as in the following figures, numerical references identical to those of the preceding figure denote identical or similar elements therein. In this embodiment, an injector 50, for example of the type used for injecting gasoline into the engines, is fixed on the fixed part 9.
    [0018] It seems, for example, that an injector having the following characteristics may be suitable for carrying out this embodiment: reaction time of the injector of the order of 5 to 15 ms; - liquid injection time of the order of 5 to 20 ms; - volume of injected liquid less than 10 ml.
    [0019] This fixation of the injector on the part 9 is given as an example. Other positions of the injector can be envisaged, always on a fixed part, but with a tube connection between the outlet of the injector and the part 9.
    [0020] A reservoir 30 contains the liquid to be injected. This liquid is pressurized by means of a high-pressure pump 33 and is stored in an accumulator 37 which supplies the injector 50.
    [0021] In this figure, as in the following figures, the elements 30, 33, 37, 52 are positioned schematically for reasons of understanding. The elements 30, 33, 35, 52 may for example be grouped at the foot of the device, in a grounded area. Finally, a device, such as a computer 52, makes it possible to develop commands based on information coming for example from sensors 54 positioned in the device; this information is for example relative to the relative position of the contacts 4, 5, and / or at least one current value, and / or at least one voltage value in the interrupting chamber. When opening the circuit breaker, the computer 52 detects the latter, for example by information relating to the relative position of the contacts 4, 5, and / or the value of a current and / or a voltage. The computer is programmed to deliver an instruction to the injector 50 so that it sends a limited amount of liquid in the compression volume 8. The injector is for example controlled by means of a solenoid valve. This quantity of liquid in the form of fine droplets is mixed with the gas contained in the compression volume 8 and transferred to the thermal volume 7, when the pressure in the compression volume is sufficient to open the valve 81. As a variant (FIG. 3) the injector is always mounted on the fixed portion 9 but is extended by a sliding tube 19 which passes through the vertical wall 71 of the movable tube to thereby allow the injection of the liquid directly into the thermal volume 7. In the case of FIGS. and 3, the injector 50 may comprise a solenoid valve to release the liquid in the chamber 7 or 8. A third embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4 and still uses one or more injectors 55, but of the "injector-pump" type. ". This type of injector makes it possible to autonomously create the high injection pressure. It is thus possible to avoid the use of a pump 33 and an accumulator 37.
    [0022] In this embodiment, the injector 55 may also be equipped with a solenoid valve 56 to better adjust the quantity of liquid injected and the instant of injection of the liquid.
    [0023] The instant of injection and / or the quantity injected can be determined by the computer 52. This can take information, for example via sensors 54, arranged on the circuit-breaker and the measurement reducers. The computer 52 can send an injection command to the injector 50 or to the solenoid valve 56. In this embodiment, the side wall of the mobile assembly 70 (or the wall 70a) can be provided with a finger 75. When opening the circuit breaker the finger 75 is cooperating with means or a mechanism 76 forming a pusher to generate the high pressure inside the injector 55; for example, the finger 75 presses the means or the mechanism 76. This action causes the rise in pressure of the liquid contained in the injector 55 and its evacuation in the thermal volume 7 (if the assembly is provided with a tube as the tube 19) or in the compression volume 8 otherwise (case of Figure 4); consequently, the means 75, 76 make it possible to increase the pressure in the injector 55 during the retraction of the moving element 70. In one embodiment, in the case of the use of a pump injector, the element 76 is integral with the injector and the element 75 of the movable part. The element 76 is connected to a piston which generates the high pressure. The computer 52 controls the opening of the valve which allows the high pressure liquid to escape into the volume 7 or 8. These embodiments described above in connection with FIGS. 2-4 can be applied both to the structure of FIG. 1 to that of FIG. 5. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2-4, the injector 50, 55 is positioned on a fixed part 9 of the device, within the limit imposed by FIG. side wall of the mobile assembly 70. It allows to inject liquid into the compression chamber 8 (case of Figures 2 and 4), or directly into the thermal volume 7 (the case of Figure 3). The injector is advantageously arranged in the extension of the chambers 7 and 8. The injector can be triggered either by means 52 such as a computer and / or by means attached to the mobile assembly 70. The material used in liquid form for injection comprises at least one fluorinated compound advantageously chosen from the group consisting of fluoronitriles, fluorinated oxiranes, fluoroketones and a mixture thereof. In particular, the injected fluorinated compound is a fluoronitrile and in particular a fluoronitrile corresponding to the general formula (I): R 1 -C (CN) (R 2) -R 3 (I) as defined above. A fluoronitrile advantageously used in the context of the present invention is a fluoronitrile of general formula (I) perfluorinated. In particular, in such a fluoronitrile, the group R2 represents a fluorine atom. Even more particularly, in such a fluoronitrile, the groups R 1 and R 2 are different.
    [0024] Advantageously, the group R 1 is perfluoromethyl and the group R 2 comprises at least 2 carbon atoms. Thus, the fluoronitriles that can be used in the context of the present invention are of the formulas C4F9CN, C5F11CN, C6F15CN and C7F15CN. Any isomers of constitution 10 that can be envisaged for the group R2 can be used. More particular examples of fluoronitriles usable in the context of the present invention correspond to any of the following semi-developed chemical formulas: C4F9CN C5F11CN C6F13CN C7F15CN F
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Circuit breaker (1) for a medium or high voltage circuit breaker extending along a longitudinal axis (XX ') and comprising: - a pair of arcing contacts (4, 5), one of which (5) at least is movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ') under the action of an operating member, the contacts separating during a power failure; 10 - a nozzle (6) of arc blowing integral fixed arcing contact, - a 1st chamber, said blowing (7), whose volume V2 is fixed and which opens inside the blowing nozzle A second compression chamber (8), arranged substantially behind the blowing chamber, parallel to the longitudinal axis XX ', and means (73, 81) for communicating the internal volume of this compression chamber (8) and that of the blowing chamber (7), - means (14, 15, 50) disposed substantially behind the compression chamber (8), parallel to the longitudinal axis XX ', to supply liquid either in the compression chamber (8) or directly in the blowing chamber (7).
    [0002]
    2. A current breaking chamber (1) according to claim 1, the means (14, 15, 50) disposed substantially behind the compression chamber (8) for supplying liquid to either the compression chamber or directly to the blowing chamber, comprising a third chamber (15) and means (14) forming a piston and can move in this chamber under the action of a recoil of the movable element (70, 71) of said chamber.
    [0003]
    3. The breaking chamber (1) of current of claim 2, further comprising means (19) forming a channel for injecting into the blowing chamber (7), a liquid present in said third chamber (15).
    [0004]
    4. A current breaking chamber (1) according to claim 3, said means (19) forming a channel further comprising means (21) forming a non-return valve.
    [0005]
    5. The current breaking chamber (1) according to claim 1, the means (14, 15, 50) disposed substantially behind the compression chamber (8) for supplying liquid to either the compression chamber or directly to the blowing chamber, comprising means (50, 55) forming a liquid injector. 25
    [0006]
    6. The breaking chamber (1) current according to the preceding claim, further comprising means (52) for controlling said means (50, 52) forming a liquid injector.
    [0007]
    7. The current breaking chamber (1) according to the preceding claim, said control means (52) being connected to at least one sensor (54).
    [0008]
    8. Switching chamber (1) according to the preceding claim, said at least one sensor (54) having at least one relative position sensor contacts (4, 5), and / or a sensor for measuring a current value and / or a sensor for measuring a voltage in said chamber.
    [0009]
    The current breaking chamber (1) according to one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising means (75) for triggering a pressure rise in said injector means (50).
    [0010]
    The current interrupting chamber (1) according to one of claims 5 to 9, further comprising means (37) forming a liquid accumulator for supplying said injector means (50).
    [0011]
    The current breaking chamber (1) according to claim 10, further comprising liquid storage means (30, 33) for supplying said accumulator means.
    [0012]
    12. The breaking chamber (1) of current according to one of claims 5 to 9, the means (50) forming at least one pump injector. 30
    [0013]
    13. The interrupting chamber (1) of current according to the preceding claim, the means (50) forming at least one pump injector being fed by a reservoir (30), connected to the means (50) injector without use, or d ' an accumulator (37) or a pump (33).
    [0014]
    14. The current breaking chamber (1) according to one of claims 12 or 13, further comprising means (75) for triggering the pump injector.
    [0015]
    15. Current breaking chamber (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, each contact of the pair of arcing contacts (4, 5) being movable along the longitudinal axis (XX ').
    [0016]
    16. Cutoff chamber according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said liquid 20 comprises at least one fluorinated compound selected from the group consisting of fluoronitriles, fluorinated oxiranes, fluoroketones and a mixture thereof.
    [0017]
    Cut-off chamber according to one of the preceding claims, containing a filling gas which contains or is air, and / or nitrogen, and / or oxygen, and / or carbon dioxide. carbon, and / or a neutral gas, and / or a fluoronitrile, and / or a fluorinated oxirane, and / or a fluoroketone. 30
    [0018]
    18. Cutoff chamber according to the preceding claim, the filling gas being supplemented with 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropanenitrile or heptafluoroisobutyronitrile of formula CF3-C (CN) (F) -CF3 and CAS number. : 42532-60-5.
    [0019]
    19. The method of operating a current breaking chamber (1) according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein said liquid is injected, either into the compression chamber (8), or directly the blowing chamber ( 7), during a separation of the arcing contacts (4, 5).
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    BE530031A|
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3167468A1|2017-05-17|
    US20170162349A1|2017-06-08|
    FR3023649B1|2016-08-19|
    WO2016005435A1|2016-01-14|
    EP3167468B1|2019-03-27|
    CN106537543A|2017-03-22|
    JP2017526114A|2017-09-07|
    引用文献:
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    FR2400251A1|1977-08-10|1979-03-09|Merlin Gerin|HIGH VOLTAGE SELF-BLOWING CIRCUIT BREAKER|
    US4268733A|1977-10-19|1981-05-19|Gould Inc.|Liquid SF6 puffer type circuit interrupter|
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    CA1256476A|1986-07-23|1989-06-27|Guy St-Jean|Air-blast circuit breaker and self-injection of itsliquefied gas|
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    WO2013087687A1|2011-12-13|2013-06-20|Abb Technology Ag|Circuit breaker with fluid injection|EP3146531B1|2014-05-20|2018-03-21|ABB Schweiz AG|Electrical apparatus for the generation, transmission, distribution and/or usage of electrical energy and method for recovering a substance from an insulation medium of such an apparatus|
    EP3104391A1|2015-06-10|2016-12-14|General Electric Technology GmbH|Gas-insulated electric apparatus filled with a dielectric gas|
    DE102015218003A1|2015-09-18|2017-03-23|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Medium or high voltage switchgear with a gas-tight insulation space|
    EP3188196B1|2015-12-28|2020-03-04|General Electric Technology GmbH|Medium- or high-voltage thin electrical apparatus with hybrid insulation|
    FR3050312A1|2016-04-13|2017-10-20|Inst Supergrid|ELECTRIC CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH LIQUID VAPORIZATION SYSTEM|
    FR3057388B1|2016-10-10|2019-05-24|Supergrid Institute|CO2 SWITCH FOR HIGH VOLTAGE CONTINUOUS NETWORK|
    EP3385970B1|2017-04-07|2020-06-03|ABB Schweiz AG|Insulation fluid heating apparatus and method|
    法律状态:
    2015-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-01-15| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160115 |
    2016-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-06-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-06-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-06-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1456584A|FR3023649B1|2014-07-08|2014-07-08|CIRCUIT BREAKER USING THE DIPHASIC STATE OF A GAS TO IMPROVE CUTTING PROPERTIES|FR1456584A| FR3023649B1|2014-07-08|2014-07-08|CIRCUIT BREAKER USING THE DIPHASIC STATE OF A GAS TO IMPROVE CUTTING PROPERTIES|
    EP15736814.3A| EP3167468B1|2014-07-08|2015-07-08|Self-blast circuit breaker employing the two-phase state of a gas for improving the interruption properties|
    JP2017500857A| JP2017526114A|2014-07-08|2015-07-08|Self-blast circuit breaker using two-phase state of gas to improve cut-off characteristics|
    US15/324,439| US20170162349A1|2014-07-08|2015-07-08|Self-blast circuit breaker using the two-phase state of a gas to improve the cut-off properties|
    PCT/EP2015/065570| WO2016005435A1|2014-07-08|2015-07-08|Self-blast circuit breaker using the two-phase state of a gas to improve the cut-off properties|
    CN201580036887.2A| CN106537543A|2014-07-08|2015-07-08|Self-blast circuit breaker using the two-phase state of a gas to improve the cut-off properties|
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